Analysis Of Langston Hughes Poem The Negro Speaks Of...

Daniel Lemaire Professor Merton Lee EN-101-12 28 October 2014 Essay 2 While reading Langston Hughes’ poem, â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers† the theme of roots is predominant throughout the reading, this theme raises question to the whole meaning of the poem. Although the word â€Å"roots† itself is never in the actual text, it contains strong details of the poem promoting deep imagery and depiction of veins, tributaries, and the roots of the plants and trees. Hughes wanted to give the reader the illusion of a timelessness in these objects. While through his depiction of language and imagery, Hughes manages to be able to implement two meanings into his poems on the theme of roots. A reader can interpret the understanding of the theme is that the roots are referring to the deep roots of trees have or â€Å"roots† in a family or as also in History. Through these imagery and representation used by Hughes, the reader begins to comprehend the intricacy of the reading and is clarified as it focuses on the themes that are enormous as opposed to a simple river or blood flowing through a human veins, rather it is an account to African-American history as it has thrived along rivers, Hughes writing â€Å"My soul has grown deep like the rivers.†(Line 10) giving life and allowing â€Å"human veins† (Line 3) to flow with the rivers and strengthening their strong historical roots. While reading the short first stanza, the speaker of the poem states that he has â€Å"known rivers ancient as the world and older thanShow MoreRelatedRichard Wrights Assessment for the Negro Writers Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Wrights Assessment for the Negro Writers Introduction Richard Wright’s plead in the Blueprint for Negro Writing could be very well summarized in one of the famous words from Thomas Kempis, â€Å"Be not angry that you cannot make others as you wish them to be, since you cannot make yourself as you wish to be.† In this popular essay, Richard Wright denounced the Negro writers as he perceived them to be merely begging for the sympathy of the bourgeoisie instead of striving to present a lifeRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). 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Additionally, I had to tie in my knowledge of history and society, which helped me to better understand Hughes and whatRead MoreLangston Hughes Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes is regarded as one of the most eloquent of American poets to have sung the wounds of political injustice. While some of his poetry can be classified as non-racial most of it can be categorized as literature of protest. Hughes background and personal beliefs were quite influential in his writing and it is reflected in his tremendous discontent for the white mans world. Three of his works that that display this feeling and similar theme include The NegroRead MoreJames Mecer Langston Hughes: Literary Genius1763 Words   |  8 PagesJames Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. James Hughes and Carrie Langston are Hughes’ parents. They later divorced when Hughes was young. After his parents divorced he went to live with his grandmother until he turned thirteen years old. At thirteen years old he moved to Lincoln, Illinois. After living in Illinois he later moved to Cleveland, Ohio to live with his mother. When he moved to Clevelan d he started writing poetry (â€Å"James Mercer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  par. 2). Langston had manyRead MoreLangston Hughes And His Harlem Dream1902 Words   |  8 PagesLangston Hughes and His Harlem Dream An explosion of written and artistic creativity, a time of social awareness and enlightenment among the black race. The Harlem Renaissance, originally known as ‘The New Negro Movement’, began after the first world war and lasted until the middle of the 1930’s depression. Harlem became a destination for African Americans throughout the early 1900’s as part of the great migration. As more blacks made Harlem their home, it increasingly became well known as an AfricanRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Langston Hughes961 Words   |  4 PagesComing Quick (A Literary Analysis of Langston Hughes’ Poems) The nineteenth and twentieth centuries were impressive times for the growing of several different cultures. One of the main cultures that grew through those time periods was that of the black community. Those with darker skin color were pushed to their limits and they were still able to persevere. One writer in particular truly made a influence not only on his culture but on the rest of America, too. Langston Hughes was an astonishing influenceRead MoreAnalysis and Interpretation of I, Too Sing America by Langston Hughes1148 Words   |  5 PagesPoem I, Too Sing America is considered to be very characteristic for radical poetry of Langston Hughes. The majority of literary critiques and historians refer to Hughes as one of the first American poets, who set the standards and examples how to challenge the post-World War I ethnic nationalism. His poetry contributed and shaped to some extent the politics of the Harlem Renaissance. In analysis of Black poetry Charles S. Johnson wrote th at the new racial poetry of the Negro is the expressionRead MoreThe Negro Speaks Of Rivers1548 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes was an American poet, novelist, and playwright whose African-American themes names him a primary contributor to the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. After moving from several cities, Hughes and his mother finally settled in Cleveland, Ohio. During this time, Hughes began to write poetry. One of his teachers introduced him to the poetry of Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman, both whom Hughes would later cite as primary influences. By the time Hughes was enrolled at Columbia UniversityRead MoreHarlem And The Middle Of The 1930s1791 Words   |  8 Pagesa place where they could freely express their talents; this became known as The Great Migration. Among those artists whose works achieved recognition were Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Countee Cullen, Arna Bontemps, Zora Neale Hurston, and Jean Toomer. The Renaissance involved racial pride, fueled in part by the violence of the New Negro demanding civil and political rights. The Renaissance incorporated jazz and the blues, attracting whites to Harlem speakeasies, where interracial couples danced

Encourage Contact Between Students And Faculty Education Essay Free Essays

In the universe, an country that has seen much investing is education. Knowledge or instruction was considered the â€Å" 3rd oculus † of adult male which gives him an penetration into all personal businesss. So many people from different age group spend a batch of their clip, money and attempts in prosecuting instruction in assorted establishments of larning. We will write a custom essay sample on Encourage Contact Between Students And Faculty Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Old ages spent in primary, secondary schools, colleges and universities are about have a life-time in this instance, hence returns from such an investing should be high plenty to justify such attempt. Education is an investing to development, and hapless survey methods should non compromise the authorization of higher instruction establishment to bring forth, continue and circulate cognition and bring forth high quality alumnuss. Universities admit pupils with changing backgrounds in footings of learning/study manners, degrees of readiness and constructs of university instruction. Some were â€Å" drilled † , taught for tests, or have incorrect purpose / values of university acquisition. These negatively have impact on their survey accomplishments and accomplishment. In complementing the function played by academic staffs, pupils need to be witting of their survey personality and survey moralss as they influence analyzing. It is ineffectual to learn good while pupils lack the basicss to gestate and internalise the new cognition. Many times, college pupils have non had to pull off their clip expeditiously prior to college because they are bright and seldom challenged in high school. So some pupils who had ‘A ‘s and ‘B ‘s start receiving auxiliary tests and score C ‘s and D ‘s in college. Harmonizing to the National Commission on Excellence in Education ( 1984 ) , many pupils are unsuccessful in school because they lack effectual survey accomplishments. To counter this, the committee recommends that survey accomplishments be introduced to pupils really early in the schooling procedure and go on throughout a pupil ‘s educational calling. In a now authoritative survey of survey accomplishments, ( Entwistle, 1960 ) reported that pupils who voluntarily took a survey accomplishments class were more successful academically than similar pupils who did non voluntarily take the class. ( butcofsky, 1971 ) reported that pupi ls who have trouble in college often have unequal survey wonts that affect their academic accomplishment. A cardinal job, he noted, was that many of these pupils had non learned how to take effectual notes and manage clip for analyzing. To achieve an effectual survey in higher instruction we sometimes need guidelines and have to follow some certain regulations. We need to hold contact with pupils in our categories and module, as pupils and module members ; we have spent most of our school lives seeking to understand ourselves, and our establishments. And have conducted a small research on higher instruction with dedicated pupils in a broad scope of schools. We draw the deductions of this study, trusting to assist us all do better, as we emphasizes clip on undertaking, respect diverse endowments and ways of acquisition, promote active acquisition, communicate high outlooks and several of them. But the ways different establishments implement good pattern depends really much on their p upils and their fortunes. In what follows, we describe several different attacks to good pattern that have been used in different sorts of scenes in the last few old ages. 2.0 ECOURAGE CONTACT BETWEEN STUDENTS AND FACULTY Frequent student-faculty contact in and out of categories is the most of import factor in pupil motive and engagement. Faculty concern helps pupils get through unsmooth times and maintain on working. Knowing a few module members good enhances pupils ‘ rational committedness and encourages them to believe about their ain values and future programs. Forming seminars for freshers on of import subjects and these subjects will be taught by senior module members, this helps in set uping an early connexion between the fresh and senior pupils and the module in many colleges and universities. Faculty members who lead treatment groups in classs outside their Fieldss of specialisation theoretical account for pupils what it means to be a scholar. ( Arthur A ; Zelda, 1987 ) In the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, three out of four undergraduates have joined three-fourthss of the module as junior research co-workers in recent old ages. At Sinclair Community College, pupils in the â€Å" College without Walls † plan have pursued surveies through larning contracts. Each pupil has created a â€Å" resource group, ‘ which includes a module member, a pupil equal, and two â€Å" community resource † module members. This group so provides support and assures quality 3.0 DEVELOPS RECIPROCITY AND COOPERATION AMONG STUDENTS Learning is enhanced when it is more like a squad attempt than a solo race. Good acquisition, like good work, is collaborative and societal, non competitory and stray. Working with others frequently increases engagement in larning. Sharing one ‘s ain thoughts and reacting to others ‘ reactions sharpens believing and deepens understanding. Even in big talk categories, pupils can larn from one another. Learning groups are a common pattern, in which five to seven pupils run into on a regular basis during category throughout the term to work out jobs set by the teacher. Many colleges use peer coachs for pupils who need particular aid. Learning communities are another popular manner of acquiring pupils to work together. Students involved in Learning Communities can take several classs together. The classs, on subjects related to a common subject like scientific discipline, engineering, and human values, are from different subjects. Faculties learning the classs coordinate their activities while another module member, called a â€Å" maestro scholar: ‘ takes the classs with the pupils. Under the way of the maestro scholar, pupils run a seminar which helps them incorporate thoughts from the separate classs. 4.0 Motivation Academic success or failure can bring forth the feelings of competency or incompetency in pupils. These feelings can impact pupils ‘ public presentations by their willingness to go on to larn or give up. ( Haynes, 1993 ) â€Å" It is believed that pupils who have high accomplishment outlooks attribute success to internal and external causes † . There are several schemes that can be used to actuate pupils to larn. ( Tonjes A ; Zintz, 1981 ) ( 1 ) â€Å" Identify pupil ‘s involvements and taking stuffs that meet the involvements, abilities, and attitudes of the pupils † . Teachers should be able to place what the pupils are interested in so they can assist them take actuate them on geting that involvement. ( 2 ) Give clear aims of the lessons and assignments. ( 3 ) ( Mutsotso A ; Abenga, 2010 ) â€Å" Allow pupils to take the undertaking and stuffs to finish the undertaking † . 5.0 COMMUNICATE HIGH EXPECTATION Expect more and you will acquire more. High outlooks are of import for everyone, for the ill prepared, for those unwilling to exercise themselves, and for the bright and well-motivated. Expecting pupils to execute good becomes a self-fulfilling prognostication when instructors and establishments hold high outlooks of them and do excess attempts. E.g. ( Arthur A ; Zelda, 1987 ) in many colleges and universities, pupils with hapless yesteryear records or trial tonss do extraordinary work. Sometimes they outperform pupils with good readying. The University of Wisconsin-Parkside has communicated high outlooks for underprepared high school pupils by conveying them to the university for workshops in academic topics, survey accomplishments, trial pickings, and clip direction. In order to reenforce high outlooks, the plan involves parents and high school counsellors 6.0 ACADEMIC INVOLVEMENT Defined as a composite of self-reported traits and behaviours ( e.g. , the extent to which pupils work hard at their surveies, the figure of hours they spend analyzing, the grade of involvement in their classs, good survey wonts ) , academic engagement produces an unusual form of effects. Intense academic engagement tends to retard those alterations in personality and behaviour that usually result from college attending. Therefore, pupils who are profoundly involved academically are less likely than mean pupils to demo additions in liberalism, hedonism, artistic involvements, and spiritual renunciation or decreases in concern involvements. 7.0 ACTIVE Learning Learning is non a witness athletics. Students do non larn much merely by sitting in categories listening to instructors, memorising prepacked assignments, and ptyalizing out replies. They must speak about what they are larning, write about it, associate it to past experiences and use it to their day-to-day lives. They must do what they learn portion of themselves. Active acquisition is encouraged in categories that use structured exercisings, disputing treatments, squad undertakings, and equal reviews. Active acquisition can besides happen outside the schoolroom. There are 1000s of internships, independent survey, and concerted occupation plans across the state in all sorts of colleges and universities, in all sorts of Fieldss, for all sorts of pupils. Students besides can assist plan and learn classs or parts of classs. At Brown University, module members and pupils have designed new classs on modern-day issues and cosmopolitan subjects ; the pupils so assist the professors as learn ing helpers. At the State University of New York at Cortland, get downing pupils in a general chemical science lab have worked in little groups to plan lab processs instead than reiterate restructured exercisings. At the University of Michigan ‘s Residential College, squads of pupils sporadically work with module members on a long-run original research undertaking in the societal scientific disciplines. 8.0 TIME MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING STRESS ( Alexander, 1999 ) College decision makers are invariably preoccupied with the accretion and allotment of financial resources ; the theory of pupil engagement, nevertheless, suggests that the most cherished institutional resource may be student clip. Harmonizing to the theory, the extent to which pupils can accomplish peculiar developmental ends is a direct map of the clip and attempt they devote to activities designed to bring forth these additions. For illustration, if increased cognition and apprehension of history is an of import end for history big leagues, the extent to which pupils reach this end is a direct map of the clip they spend at such activities as listening to professor ‘s talk about history, reading books about history, and discoursing history with other pupils. By and large, the more clip pupils spend in these activities, the more history they learn. Stress is any state of affairs that evokes negative ideas and feelings in a individual. The same state of affairs is non redolent or nerve-racking for all people, and all people do non see the same negative ideas and feelings when stressed. One theoretical account that is utile in understanding emphasis among pupils is the person-environmental theoretical account. ( Lazarus, 1966 ) Harmonizing to one fluctuation of this theoretical account, nerve-racking events can be appraised by an person as â€Å" disputing † or â€Å" baleful † . When pupils appraise their instruction as a challenge, emphasis can convey them a sense of competency and an increased capacity to larn. When instruction is seen as a menace, nevertheless, emphasis can arouse feelings of weakness and a fateful sense of loss. A critical issue refering emphasis among pupils is its consequence on acquisition. ( The Yerkes-Dodson jurisprudence 1908 ) postulates that persons under low and high emphasis learn the least, and that those under moderate emphasis learn the most. A field survey and research lab trials support the impression that inordinate emphasis is harmful to pupils ‘ public presentation. Mechanisms that explain why pupils perform severely under emphasis include â€Å" hyper watchfulness † ( inordinate watchfulness to a nerve-racking state of affairs ensuing in terror — for illustration, over analyzing for an test ) and â€Å" premature closing † ( rapidly taking a solution to stop a nerve-racking state of affairs, for illustration, hotfooting through an test ) . Students react to Higher Education in a assortment of ways. For some pupils, college or the University is nerve-racking because it is an disconnected alteration from high school. For others, separation from place is a beginning of emphasis. Although some emphasis is necessary for personal growing to happen, the sum of emphasis can overpower a pupil and impact the ability to get by. Time ON TASK Time plus energy peers larning. There is no replacement for clip on undertaking. Learning to utilize one ‘s clip well is critical for pupils and professionals likewise. Students need aid in larning effectual clip direction. Allocating realistic sums of clip agencies effectual larning for pupils and effectual instruction for module. How an establishment defines clip outlooks for pupils, module, decision makers, and other professional staff can set up the footing for high public presentation for all. E.g. ( 1 ) ( Mutsotso A ; Abenga, 2010 ) larning how to finish assignments on clip will assist pupils succeeds academically. In the â€Å" Dynamics of Effective Study † pupils are taught how to form and pull off clip sagely. Students are taught how to schedule undertakings hebdomadal and monthly to guarantee success. To heighten the academic accomplishment of pupils, a survey accomplishments class was implemented in the course of study to assist pupils achieve the GPA standar ds. Freshmans have enrolled in this class since it was implemented in 1994. This survey will analyze the effectivity of the class, â€Å" Dynamicss of Effective Study, † on the academic accomplishment of freshers at this school. ( 2 ) ( Arthur A ; Zelda, 1987 ) Mastery acquisition, contract acquisition, and computer-assisted direction require that pupils spend equal sums of clip on larning. Extended periods of readying for college besides give pupils more clip on undertaking. Matteo Ricci College is known for its attempts to steer high school pupils from the 9th class to a B.A. through a course of study taught jointly by module at Seattle Preparatory school and Seattle University. Supplying pupils with chances to incorporate their surveies into the remainder of their lives helps them usage clip good. As pupils in higher instruction, much is expected of us, and at the same clip there are so many distractions that come our manner. We need to be able to get the better of this distractions, know what to make at a peculiar point in clip, cognize when to acquire a school assignment done so that the work burden wo n’t be much, and when to go to to other things. And most significantly know when to make these things at the right clip. So for us to be able to accomplish these purposes in due clip we as pupils need to be able to modulate our clip. For Example You may be making a class with faculties, where each one must be completed in a semester. You might sometimes necessitate to get down assessed plants before you ‘ve had all the categories, to finish it on clip you need to be after yourself good You may be making several faculties at one time all with a similar deadline taking to bunching of plants. If you do n’t be after for this you might stop up under force per unit area. If you leave it excessively late to look for indispensable resources, they may non be available. Advance planning is every bit indispensable as the resources If you ‘re making paid work while analyzing, you need to suit it all together. So many pupils have domestic duties to suit in with class work, this besides needs planning. THINGS HIGH IN IMPORTANCE, LOW IN URGENCY. ( DAVID, 2009 ) For module and alumnus pupils, things that are extremely of import but less pressing tend to include our original research and our personal relationships. Both are evidently of import, and we know that. But the world is that both of these tend non to experience every bit pressing as our duties for a category. For illustration, calculating out how to research the communicating kineticss that propelled a state to travel to war is undeniably of import, yet it merely does n’t transport the same sense of immediateness as prepping for a category that occurs tomorrow and so once more two yearss subsequently, for the following eight hebdomads. Similarly, traveling out to dinner with a close friend can ever be put off until another twenty-four hours, right? And that ‘s precisely what happens with things that are of import but non ( as ) urgent — we tend to force them to the side. As a consequence, many of us get the instruction and pupil work done foremost and merely so turn to a focal point on original research or personal clip that nurtures us. If such clip does non happen, and it frequently does n’t, so so be it. And that ‘s the hang-up of the affair. We must do certain that we devote clip to things that are extremely of import, but low in urgency. If we do non, the nature of the academy is that extremely of import, extremely pressing undertakings will herd everything else out. When that occurs, burnout ensues. Here are a few stairss that we can take to do certain we give equal precedence to things high in importance and low in urgency: Schedule them.A If you do n’t schedule them, they do n’t go on. As a module member, I schedule my research clip and personal activities, to do certain they happen. Otherwise they wo n’t. Make different things on different yearss of the week.A I have found that I am best when concentrating on one primary type of work undertaking a twenty-four hours. That is, if I teach on Tuesday so I likely wo n’t be much good as a research worker that twenty-four hours. For me, Mondays and Fridays tend to be yearss that I spend making chiefly research and commission work. Believe that you will really be a better instructor and pupil when you do take clip to plunge yourself in what is extremely of import, but non ( as ) urgent.A I ‘m wholly convinced that when I prioritize occasional pockets of personal clip I enrich my instruction and research because my head and energy are renewed. 9.0 Decision How much a pupil achieves is in portion dependant on the survey methods that he/she applies. There is no 1 survey method that works better for all individuals. The secret lies in being able to place personal survey methods that work for each person in given environments, conditions and fortunes. This requires cognizing oneself in order to do good determinations about how to analyze and do clip, every bit good as know the assorted schemes that can be applied. How to cite Encourage Contact Between Students And Faculty Education Essay, Essay examples

Building Assessment Process-1-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Identify the relevant building, planning, occupational health and safety requirements and environmental legislative requirements and explain how they interact and how these would be applied to the construction of a class 1a dwelling. 2.Explain the building permit application process in Victoria. 3.What is the role of a building surveyor both private and municipal. ? 4.Identify which regulation under Part 4 of the Building Regulations 2006 relates to this matter and identify if it complies. Explain your answer. 5.In your own words explain the performance solution process applied where a building solution does not meet the deemed to satisfy provisions of the BCA. Answers: 1.Building code of Australia (BCA) defines class 1a dwelling as one or more structures with a single dwelling for private residential dwellings. Building code of Australia aims at ensuring buildings is build to a standard for a specific use. Occupational health and safety is a unit dealing with safety, health and workers welfare. It is important in workplace to help in minimizing injuries or death (Robson et.al, 2007). Some of the requirements in this unit include health and safety management which devices methods to reduce cases of injury and illness at work place. These methods differ depending on place and type of work done. In order for this system to work, the manager of a company should train its workers on the need to maintain health and safety. Another health and safety requirement is hazard assessment and control; this forms a basis of occupational health and safety because it involves careful analysis of what could cause danger to workers at the work place hence preventing injuries and/or illness. For this case of construction, the manager should assess the work site in case it has any health hazards and thereafter come up with findings which can then be shared with the workers. The hazards could be physical, chemical, psychosocial or biological. Work site inspections is also a health and safety measure, work place should be inspected always by supervisor and workers. It involves checking the workplace to identify hazards and then eliminating them if possible. Incident management and investigation is also another form of health and safety requirement. This involves finding out the cause if an accident in the work place incase a worker has been injured and finding good measures to prevent similar cases from happening. To ensure good health and safety, Workers competency and training should also be taken into consideration. Workers should be competent in what they do and should have good training on how to operate machineries and know all safety measures. In a case where they are exposed to danger, the manger should find a way of eliminating the dangers to avoid risking workers life (Lingard Rowlinson, 2005). Emergency response and first aid, this is another requirement of health and safety. The work place should have an emergency response where in case of a problem or fire, the workers have an exit site to evade danger. In case of danger there should be first aid kits to offer first help before proceeding to health centre in case the injury is serious. When planning to erect a building, environmental legislative requirements are also taken into consideration and they include; environmental protection act which defines the level of contamination on a land to be used in erecting a building, it includes an idea that there can be a possibility of harm caused by contamination and therefore thorough investigations should be done(Fergusson Langford,2006). Environmental impact Assessment is a very crucial tool in assessing the impact of development projects and finding out ways to reduce future impacts. This is expensive and time consuming. Hazardous waste regulation which states that waste which is hazardous should be separated and removed for disposal at the correct place. Water resource act states that it is an offence to dispose waste to water bodies knowingly. This can occur through surface flow or through infiltration (Zhao, et.al, 2012). Therefore when planning to build a structure, waste disposal should be considered. 2.Building permit is a document giving authority to build and before applying it, a building surveyor is required .After getting a surveyor, you now apply for the permit and make payments, submit drawings, allotment allocation (Heijden, 2008). Thereafter it is checked for compliance under act and regulations and then makes a decision to issue permit with or without conditions. 3.Building surveyor is trained person with a great and deep knowledge of building control processes. There are two types; private and municipal building surveyor.Private building surveyor is a person who does his privately, while municipal surveyor works under local government or council. The roles of a building surveyor include issuing building permit, carry out inspections of buildings and work done and also issue occupancy permit. They show their competent skills by assessing and evaluation work plans (Chan Chan, 2005). Building surveyor ensures that all documents from all authorities are obtained. They also do the inspection work to buildings under construction to ensure that act regulations and BCA are adhered to. 4.Building close to a neighbors property may require that the building surveyor takes care of the other persons property and an insurance cover should be obtained before starting the work. According to part 4 of buildings Regulations 2006, changes have been made to minimum setback and the standards for average height for walls which doesnt need planning permit. Average height should be increased and maximum height unchanged. In this case where the boundary exceeds the boundary wall heights, the neighbors should be notified as per requirements. 5.In the case building fails to meet the requirements, an alternative solution is accurately presented the correct procedures followed (Baker Gleeson, 2006). If the alternative solution is based on material to be used or construction idea, a compliance certificate which was issued earlier issued is still acceptable. In the case where the design isnt as required, the alternative one is compared with the one which is accepted so as to achieve the required result. If in the case of a requirement which can be measured, a computer can be used to find out if requirements are met as per performance. Design and analysis documents of the alternative solution can be submitted for recording purposes to show that the requirements have been met, making approval process of alternative solution faster. References Baker, D. C., Sipe, N. G., Gleeson, B. J. (2006). Performance-based planning: perspectives from the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.Journal of Planning Education and Research,25(4), 396-409. Chan, A. T., Chan, E. H. (2005). Impact of perceived leadership styles on work outcomes: Case of building professionals.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,131(4), 413-422. Fergusson, H., Langford, D. A. (2006). Strategies for managing environmental issues in construction organizations.Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,13(2), 171-185. Heijden, J. . (2008).Competitive enforcement: Comparative analysis of Australian building regulatory enforcement regimes. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Lingard, H., Rowlinson, S. M. (2005).Occupational health and safety in construction project management. Taylor Francis. Top of Form Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. (2000).Appointing a building surveyor. London: RICS. Bottom of Form Robson, L. S., Clarke, J. A., Cullen, K., Bielecky, A., Severin, C., Bigelow, P. L. ... Mahood, Q. (2007). The effectiveness of occupational health and safety management system interventions: a systematic review.Safety Science,45(3), 329-353. Zhao, Z. Y., Zhao, X. J., Davidson, K., Zuo, J. (2012). A corporate social responsibility indicator system for construction enterprises.Journal of cleaner production,29, 277-289

War And Peace By Leo Tolstoy Essays - French Invasion Of Russia

War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy Then novel War and Peace was written by a famous Russian author Leo Tolstoy in 1865. The novel describes the war with Napoleon in which many countries were involved such as Russia, Austrian, Prussia, Spain, Sweden, and Britain. The novel mainly focuses on Russia. It reflects the different views and participation in the war of Russian aristocracy and peasants and also shows Tolstoys negative viewpoint on the war. Showing the war, Tolstoy describes Napoleons attack on Russia, the battle of Borodino, the slow retrieval of the Russian army, the conquest of Moscow by Napoleon, the fire in Moscow, and the retrieval of Napoleons army during a deadly winter. Naopleon had to retrieve from Russia under attacks by Russian peasants and horsemen on those who fell behind. His army also sufferes from cold and hunger, since the Russians destroyed all food supplies. The takeover of Moscow by Napoleon proved to be useless, and in the long run, destroyed a large part of his army. Alongside with these historical events, Tolstoy describes the different classes of Russian society in terms of their participation in the war and what kind of an impact war had on their lives. In the beginning of the novel, the Russian aristocratic class, which was in the czars circle, wanted Russia to participate in the war. They wanted a quick victory and pride for the Russian nobility. They did not anticipate that the war would destroy homes, agriculture, and take many Russian lives. This class is shown in Anna Pavlova Sharers salon, with its upper class aristocracy, who talk only in French, viewing the Russian language as uncivilized and useful only for peasants. They adopted French culture and wear French style clothing, and at the same time they want to fight Napoleon. However, the majority of this class doesnt want to participate themselves in the war, but want to win the war with the hands of the peasants. These aristocrats, despite their high education and power, will do not hing to help win the war. They live like parasites on the body of Russias society. This is how Tolstoy describes this class in general, but he also depicts two representatives of this upper class, Andrew Bolkonsky and Pierre Bisuhov, who were the more intellectual ones, and whose lives and views of war and life changed as the result of the war. Andrew was interested in a military career, and wasnt completely satisfied with the czar, while Pierre wasted his life on alcohol his everyday activity. However, they fall into the center of military activities during the war; Andrew was fatally wounded, while Pierre witnesses Moscow burning and innocent people, women, and children dying from hunger. They open up simple, but important truths. They experience the rough times that peasants go through and begin to feel a unity with the nation. They start to appreciate basic things that they never even thought of before, such as food, peace, and love. Depicting the Rostov family, who were also wealthy nobles, but were not in the czars circle and lived in rural parts of Russia, Tolstoy showed a typical Russian family who were devoted to their country and Russian traditions. All of Tolstoys sympathy is on their side and he presents them in a positive way. They sing Russian folklore, which the higher aristocrats would not dream of doing. Depicting this class, Tolstoy describes simple and eternal problems such as birth, love, forgiveness, and death. War hurt these people the most. They lost everything: hoses, livestock, and serfs. The loss of their serfs was very hard to come by, since they became very close to them. The women from this class served in hospitals and became nurses, like Natasha Rostova did, or hid wounded soldiers in their house from the French army. Men from this class organized their own little armies of peasants and fought with guerilla warfare when the French army was retreating, as captain Dolohov did. According t o Tolstoy, these people played a bigger role in war and were more devoted to their nation than the aristocratic class in the czars circle. According to Tolstoy, the main national characteristics are in Russian peasants. He shows this through these people, who hate

Chapter 48 Essays

Chapter 48 Essays Chapter 48 Paper Chapter 48 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry The gamelan is a traditional orchestra from Japan. false The white tone singing style in the vocal part of George Crumbs Ancient Voices of Children is a style in which the singer: sings without vibrato In composing, Crumb uses techniques and instruments from various world musics. true The harmony in Crumbs Caballito Negro is primarily: atonal For which work did George Crumb win a Pulitzer prize in 1968? Echoes of Time and the River The prevalent rhythm in Crumbs Caballito Negro is meant to: emulate the sound of a galloping horse The gamelan orchestra is made up largely of percussion instruments. true Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Sonata V? improvisation How many books of madrigal sets did George Crumb write? four John Cages work 433 challenges the differentiation between music and noise. true Henry Cowell is known for combining Asian instruments with traditional Western ensembles. true Which composer has written several compositions on the poetry of Federico Garcà ­a Lorca? George Crumb Whose poetry did George Crumb set in his second book of madrigals? Federico Garcà ­a Lorca Harry Partch was a serious proponent of microtonal music. true Cages work Sonatas and Interludes is written for: prepared piano Which composer invented new instruments capable of microtonality? Harry Partch What instruments accompany the voice in Crumbs Caballito Negro? metallic percussion and flute John Cages work 433 is known for its consonant harmonic writing. false One of Henry Cowells innovations was the prepared piano. false George Crumb is representative of avant-garde composition in the United States. true The form of Sonata V from Sonatas and Interludes is: binary, with each section repeated John Cages Sonatas and Interludes is a work for Javanese gamelan. false Who is considered to be the inventor of the prepared piano? John Cage The prepared piano called for in Sonatas and Interludes simulates a: gamelan orchestra

Catholic Liturgy

It belongs to the Baptized. Therefore, as worship that includes sacrifice, the liturgy is necessarily a priestly act. As such, it is an exercise of both the baptismal priesthood and the ministerial priesthood – it always involves â€Å"spiritual sacrifice. †Ã‚   Next, within worship it necessary to have signs that signify what they effect – that is, the sanctification of man. The liturgy always involves these sensible realities that represent and effect something else. This means that within the context of liturgy those signs that are used must signify what they effect: i. . the bread and wine signifying and becoming the nourishing and enriching body and blood of Christ. There should be no superfluous signs in the liturgy (i. e. liturgical ministers dressed up as clowns). In this way then, the participants are living sacraments in themselves because they are representing the Bride of Christ offered up to the bridegroom for the salvation of souls. Third, it must be remembered that liturgy is something that is constantly going on in heaven. It is something, here on earth, that is entered into. The assembly gathered does not â€Å"start† liturgy properly speaking, rather they enter into and go forth from (exitus et reditus). Lastly, the liturgy belongs to the baptized as they alone belong to the priesthood of Jesus Christ. It is only those who have been made priests through the waters of Baptism that are in fact in common union with the Church as She exists throughout all time. The liturgy as an act of public worship is the passing over of all that God revealed about Salvation. It is that which fulfills the Old Testament worship. It always has to do with an action that is salvific. The liturgy, as an effect, brings the people together in order to praise God, enables them to participate in â€Å"the sacrifice†, and eat the Lord’s Supper. The Liturgy is always bringing humanity and all creation back into Christ. gt;gt;I hope you enjoyed this quick reflection on the Liturgy. Please feel free to share your comments below. It is my hope and prayer that this site will become a forum of discussion about how we as Catholics can rediscover the nature and beauty of worship amp; liturgy. lt;lt;

Management of International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management of International Business - Essay Example The role of private capital cannot be neglected as far as the economic development of a country is concerned. Shell is the most influential or biggest oil company in the world. They are one among the bests as far as the commitments to social responsibility are concerned. Apart from one or two incidents, Shell behaved ethically and demonstrated their social commitments in most of the times. They promise less and deliver more. Germany is one among the most influential countries in the world as far as economic growth and size are concerned. After the unification of the Germanys, the unified Germany is more stable politically and economically. Germans are keener in giving more humanitarian look to their economy and hence they will never allow any companies to function in their soil against the will of the public. Shell can operate or expand in German soil if they are able to implement business strategies suitable to the German culture and tradition. This paper analyses corporate social r esponsibility commitments of Shell Company and their future prospects and growth potentials in Germany. Introduction â€Å"Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies is one of the largest global groups of energy and petrochemicals companies with around 101,000 employees in more than  90 countries and territories† (About Shell, n. d). ... Germany is one of the prominent countries in the Europe. After the unification of West and East Germanys in 1989, unified Germany has attained a significant role in international arena. The Hitler era is over and the current Germans are keener in working for the growth of their nation rather than expanding their nation to different territories. In other words, Germany is a good place for investments at present because of the better political and economical climates. Organizations which are ready to obey their international obligations can select Germany as a safe place for investments at present. Germans value socially committed organizations very much and they consider the track records of organizations with respect to social responsibility, while purchasing something. Corporate social responsibility of Shell Kotler and Lee (2004) have pointed out that CSR is the â€Å"commitment to improve community well-being through discretionary business practices and contributions of the corpo rate resources† (Kotler &Lee, 2004, p.3). Most of the Shell companies are operating independently in each of the countries, by the people who know the needs of the community and the environment well. They have the authority and autonomy to make all normal business decisions (Nehring, 2002).One of the major success factors of Shell Company is their respect to the community in which they operate. While most of the competitors concentrate only on reaping the profits, Shell is keener in spending a portion of their profit for the wellbeing of the society or community in which it operates. They are giving more emphasize to the environmental protection and hence no major

The effect of using learning styles with young learners Research Paper

The effect of using learning styles with young learners - Research Paper Example It is the innovation that is never ending; constant improvements can bring dramatic improvement in the performance of students and bring good results in terms of developing a conceptual learning with deep understanding. This model provides assessment to determine individual’s learning style. Any student will definitely understand with one of the four styles of learning- accomodating, converging, diverging and assimilating (Kolb, 1984). Basic learning begins at home and therefore parents involvement is also essential in making a child develop an understanding for the environment he/she is exposed to learning syles. Each child has own psychology some kids are fast learners while others take time to understand. For children, following metods work well: 2. Auditory learning: some children they learn things by listening to them. They are capable of keeping the data what they hear. In addition, they listen to music and respond very well, they learn while lisening especially rhymes and songs. They develop an understanding for various tunes and thus can develop a sense of distinction between different notes of sound. It is observed that children belonging to this category rely more on sound and they tend to commit mistakes in spellings as they are more phonetically oriented rather than visualizing things. 3. Kinesthetic or manipulative learning: this methodology incorporated performing activities. This is the best method to build confidence in children as when kids do the activity they have visualization and also they develop confidence to do the work all by themselves. This builds an independence in them and they become self reliant. A class has varied students and each student has a particular background and psychology. If a teacher is teaching with a style which a particular group of students is not able to follow then

Phenomenon Of Grandparent Becoming Parent Essay Example for Free

Phenomenon Of Grandparent Becoming Parent Essay FIGURE FOR GRANDCHILDREN   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since 1980, there have been dramatic increases in children living with and being cared for by their grandparents. In 1980, 2.3 million children were living in with their grandparents. By 1997, there were 3.9 million children living in that situation. The 2000 U. S. Census has reported 4.5 million children living in grandparent-headed homes. The 2000 Census also counted, for the first time, 2.4 million grandparents who are responsible for the basic needs of their grandchildren who are living with them. REASONS WHY GRANDPARENTS ARE RAISING THEIR GRANDCHILDREN   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given the statistics above, it can be assumed that more and more grandparents have to play parenting roles for their grandchildren. There are a number of reasons why the statistics continue to rise: The American Association of Retired Persons’ (AARP) Grandparent Information Center states that the most common reason is substance abuse. Drug and alcohol problems are causing parents to be unable to raise their children. Teenage pregnancy is also one reason why grandparents come to raise their grandchildren. Parents who marry and give child at a very young age are often not yet emotionally prepared to take care of their children Illnesses – parents have mental illness or have contacted some other diseases like HIV/Aids. Incarceration-parents are imprisoned or are under detention Child abuse or neglect-the child have been physically abused or are totally neglected by their parents Domestic violence-the parents are often hurling verbal or physical abuse against each other and the child suffers from trauma Death of one or both parents Military deployment- grandparents are called to step in when one or both parents are deployed in military service and are unable to care for their kids Poverty or joblessness   Ã‚  Ã‚   EMOTIONAL BENEFITS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A majority of grandparents who raise their grandchildren report experiencing a great purpose for living. Providing care for grandchildren helped them to feel young and inactive. Other rewards include A chance to raise a child differently A chance to nurture family relationships. Family ties and values are preserved. They are able to receive love, affection, and companionship from their grandchildren. Children raised by grandparents tend to be less rebellious and are more understanding and appreciative. To many of the grandparents raising their grandchildren, their sacrifices are more than worth it. It is clear that despite the problems, most grandparents derive satisfaction from acting as parents to their grandchildren. Caring for their grandchildren can be positive and rewarding. Grandparent bring the benefit of experiences and perspective. They can also provide important stability, predictability.   And they can be a healthy role model for their grandchildren. OTHER PROBABLE BENEFITS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Grandparents can ask for legal arrangements so that they can have full custody, temporary custody, or they can obtain the status of being a foster parent. When custody is established by the law, they will have a measure of legal security and can gain rights and benefits for them and their grandchildren. The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Each state has a CHIP which pays for doctor visits, hospital stays, shots, and medicine. Financial Aids A child may be legible to get money from the state’s Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Program. These families may qualify for food stamps. The child may qualify for Child Tax Credit and the grandparent may qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit. Both programs can give them extra cash at tax time. Grandparents can ask the school guidance about applying for free hot meals for their grandchildren. REFERENCES Bryson, K. Casper, L.M. (1998). â€Å"Co-resident \Grandparents and their Grandchildren. Census Bureau Current Population Reports.† P23-198.   http://www.census.gov Accessed 6 February 2008 Doucette-Pudman, D. Lacerre, J.R. (1996). Raising Our Children’s Children. Minneapolis, MN.: Fairview Press. Mullen, F. (1995). A tangled web: Public benefits, grandparents and grandchildren. Washington D.C.: American Association of Retired Persons.

american immigration Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Here is not merely a nation, but a teeming nation of nations†. These famous words, which were spoken, by the famed author and poet Walt Whitman is a perfect way to describe our ever changing melting pot society, which we call America. Immigration has effected and changed our country in many ways, many of which being economic reasons from 1820-1860. There have been many reasons for people migrating to America. Among the top of these reasons are those of Political Freedom, and Economic opportunities, which include people wanting more money and better jobs. A large amount of immigrants from this time period came by way of Slavery. From the 1820s until 1860 Immigration to America has affected the national economy in many positive and negative ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Around 1830 in America there was an abundance of land at a cheap cost, jobs were found with little difficulty because of the decreased birth rate and high urbanization and industry that was greatly increasing. The attraction that America had towards the Immigrants was mainly the large amounts of land for farms, which the people greatly desired. Many of the early arrivals to America were followed with reports to the people’s homeland countries that the streets of America were â€Å"paved with gold†. This saying was to refer to the prosperity that the American economy had during the early19th century. Many countries outside of America during this time were in great despair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When there is no land left for farming of a crop, which is heavily relied on throughout your country, people tend to leave. One main source of immigration to America was the Irish. During the mid 1800s Ireland’s population grew rapidly and many of the people lived on small farms that produced very little, because of their poverty the people depended mainly on the potato crop. However around 1845 a plant disease killed the majority of the crop. Around three quarters of a million people died and thousands more left the country in search of a better life. Many of the emigrants to America from Irish were under the age of thirty-five and men. Families sent their strong sons to the New World in order to make money to afford the trip of the other family members. Even though there was a low birth rate and plentiful jobs in America many of the Irish found that the fast pa... ...is crop into fabric that was sold and distributed throughout the world. The African-Americans were the most influential immigrant group to come to America during this time. They were used as slave labor mainly to harvest the enormous cotton crops in the south. This group even though were not allowed to take part in any form of public education did however harvest many notable writers, poets and politicians.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As shown, the immigration of different ethnic groups greatly attributed to America's flourishing economy. Without them this country would have fallen and collapsed soon after it's creation. Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Http://www.bergen.org. American Immigration. 2001 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American Pageant. David M. Kennedy, Lizabeth Cohen, Thomas A. Bailey. Copyright 2002. Houghton Mifflin Company 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  World Book Encyclopedia. Volumes A&I. William H. Nault, Frank D. Drake. Copyright 1989. World Book Inc. Chicago, Illinois. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Immigration: Opposing Viewpoints. David L. Bender, Bruno Leone. Copyright1992. Greenhaven Press, Inc., San Diego, California.

Customer Satisfaction in Banking Essay

Introduction Aiming for the customer satisfaction is the most challenging task in every organization. Through the satisfied customers, a firm an easily measure the effectiveness of the business, its potential and position in the industries, and the areas that are needed to polish and improve. Keeping the trust of a customer is not an overnight miracle but with full of patience and bountiful of effort. Background and Problem Statement The products and services that are sold in the most favorable prices can be an initial step of the firm in obtaining the trust and be included in the top list of the customers. However, because of the tight competition of various services, particularly in banks, the perception of the customers and potential customers are also divided according to the services that they want to achieve. In addition, the impact of the economic problems and financial crunches among the financial institutions creates a great challenge in the banks. With all the challenges that are ahead on the banks, how will they gather the customer satisfaction which is the same focus of the other competing banking institutions? Research Aim and Objectives The aim of the study is to determine the satisfaction on the services and products delivered by the banks towards their customers to attract other potential customer. There are three objectives that can be the guidance of the researcher/s in reaching for their goal and, in also, measuring the impact of customer satisfaction to their effectiveness in the market. First objective is to recognize the various strategies placed by the banks to achieve the customer satisfaction. Second is to determine the extent of those strategies to eliminate or at least minimize the impact of resistance and reluctance of the customers towards the bank’s offered products and services. And third is to discover the level of satisfaction from the existing customers that can contribute in the success and continuous performance of the banks. Literature Review Finding for the loyal customers is a great opportunity for the various firms and enterprises, for the corporate leaders believe that through them, the  firms can continue its business cycle. In order to keep the loyal customers, the organization should first attempt to discover the ways to satisfy the customers. Customer satisfaction is an applied term that determines on how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. It is an essential tool to see the key performance indicator within business. In banking industry, being competitive is already a given factor. Customers expect that banks should be strong enough even if there are uncertainties in the country, most especially in the financial stream. In the long run, the customer satisfaction can be the key element of the organization to prepare another strategy (Gitman and McDaniel, 2005). Every business’s mission is making the customers as their first priority. In accordance to this, the business must fill or serve the satisfaction of their customers according to what preferences that the market is demanding for. In the banking industry, there is a suggested conceptualized model of satisfaction in terms of the business-to-business level. With the aid of the path analysis, corporate customer satisfaction can be determined in the earliest time with regards to the equity, and expectations of customers (Armstrong and Seng, 2000; Hackl and Westlund, 2000). Catching the attention of the customers is the first impression of the banks in terms of promotion. However, if the banks continuously deliver the satisfaction towards to their customers, the firms will not only obtaining success but also the continuing promotion of benefits for their own customers. The most desirable outcome that the customers can gain is the improvement on their experience in banking services and products and identify that there is an increase performance. On the other hand, the firm can enjoy the benefits of minimization of the business uncertainty, maximization of profit margins and enhancement of productivity; reduce on expenses, and optimization on resource deployment (Hansemark and Albinsson, 2004). Methodology The suggested method in the study is the use of survey and interview as the primary strategy to obtain the needed information. Through the combination of survey and interview, the current position of the bank in the society can be determined. For the first process of the investigation, the survey will be conducted among the population of the customers. The first 100 customers will be the participants and through the help of the Likert Scale, the  researcher/s can view the appeal of the bank’s services and products on their customers. At the second phase of the study, the interview will be conducted among the five managers of the bank. The interview has a purpose to recognize the various strategies and their strong points to attr Read more: http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2010/06/research-proposal-on–17.html#ixzz3AGEqDr4W Writing the Research Proposal Expression of Interest Research Team / Collaborations Research Guidelines Research Proposal Steps Examples of Research Proposals Good Writing Interviews Research Proposal Steps Step 1: The Title Naming your research is an important part of the research proposal. It should tell the user (In 25 words or less) what you intend to research and how you intend to do it. You may also wish to give your research project both a MÄ ori and English title. The choice is up to you, as long as your title is relevant to the research question. Step 2: The Abstract Your research proposal in its entirety may be anywhere between 5,000 to 25,000 words in length. So it is important that you give a summary of the entire document. This summary is known as the abstract, and should demonstrate to the reader the most important parts of each of the sections of the research proposal in around 200 words. It is often useful to write the abstract last, after the rest of the research proposal has been written and fully thought out. Step 3: Aims and Objectives In this section you should expand on the title of your research project to  articulate in full detail the aims and objectives of your research. You should be able to provide a detailed description of the research question, the purpose of the research, and a description of your approach (methodology and method) to the research. Included in this section should be discussion around the research problem that you intend to answer or investigate, your hypothesis, the parameters of the research i.e. what you intend to include within the research, and what you intend to leave out. Step 4: Background This section should provide detail about the background to the research question. In this section you will need to demonstrate an understanding of the existing literature and research studies within the area of your proposed research topic. This is to assist the reader to understand the significance of your research, and where it fits within the existing body of knowledge. The background section is a significant portion of your proposal and therefore should be an extensive review of the literature related to your topic (see literature review). You should be able to discuss what the existing literature is about and highlight any gaps, issues or contentions that arise. You also need to be able to show where your research fits within this literature and enter into discussions on issues that relate to your research question. The point of this background section is to demonstrate to the reader your understanding and knowledge of the research area, as well as the contribution that your research project will make to the existing research and knowledge. Step 5: Methodology and Method In this section of the proposal you will need to demonstrate how you intend to go about investigating the research question. The methodology generally refers to the theory to be used to justify the use of the particular research methods that you are choosing to use. You may use more than one methodology to inform your method of research. The method describes the way you intend to investigate the question, such as a questionnaire, a hui, in-depth individual interviews, focus group interviews, a wÄ nanga, a survey and so forth. Kaupapa MÄ ori is a methodology, that also gives rise to and guides research methods. In this section you will need to give a brief overview of Kaupapa MÄ ori theory and/or theories, why you have chosen to use this methodology and how your research question fits within thismethodological framework. If you are using more than one methodology then you will need to demonstrate why you have chosen to use another methodology alongside Kaupapa MÄ ori, and how it is relevant to the aims and objectives of your research. You should also discuss the different methods you intend to use in full detail, and provide justification as to why you have chosen to use these methods. It is also helpful to discuss how many participants you intend to involve in your research, how you intend to find or approach participants, and how they will be used in your study. Step 6: Schedule and Timeline You need to be able to demonstrate that your research is possible within a given timeframe. You may be able to define your own timeframe, or the institution for which you are writing a proposal may have a set timeframe that you will need to work within. Either way, it is important that you are able to plot the intended progress of the project from start to finish. If you intend to produce any outputs, reports, findings then they should be inserted into this schedule. Step 7: Ethical Approval Some institutions require that any research involving interaction with human participants get approval from ethical advisory committees or boards. This ethical approval is sought to ensure that the researcher conducts research in a manner that is respectful to the participants and other human beings that may be influenced by the research process. It is important that you seek out what ethical approval is required within your area of research. You may need to seek approval from more than one advisory committee depending on the institutional, financial and disciplinary context. Applications for ethical approval are obtained directly from the ethical committees themselves. Ethical considerations is a key part of conducing Kaupapa MÄ ori research. Understanding research ethics will impact on all aspects of your research, in particular, how you engage with communities to conduct your research and disseminate your research findings. MÄ ori community research organizations are also beginning to develop their own research ethics guidelines to assist both the researchers and participants to be ‘culturally safe’ during the research process. In the ‘ethical approval’ section, it is important to outline who you intend to seek ethical approval from, and/or  when ethical approval was granted and for what period of time. Step 8: Resources This section demonstrates to the reader that you are both suitable and capable of carrying out the proposed research. You will need to discuss what resources you have at your disposal that makes it possible for you to carry out this research. For example, physical resources (such as research instruments), personal resources (such as knowledge of the discipline, area or community under study), as well as any other resources that you have as a researcher (or research team) that will enable you to carry out the research from beginning through to completion. You may also need to highlight what resources you still require in order to complete the research, and also discuss how you intend to go about acquiring these resources (i.e. through funding, through research collaborations etc.) Step 9: Budget Not all research proposal require a budget (such as thesis proposals for academic institutions), however if you intend to apply for funding for research it is important that you are able to show how much money you require, and justify the amount asked for. The way to justify the amount you are asking for is to provide a detailed budget outlining what expenses you predict you will incur in conducting the research. Exactly where and how money will be spent will differ from project to project, and the size of the budget should reflect the size of the research project. Some of the main expenses that may be included in any budget could be researcher’s time, human resources (such as other research assistants, transcribers, advisory board members), technical equipment (Dictaphones, transcribers, computer hardware and software etc), stationary, koha and others.

Madame Bovary and the Religious Significance

Gina GarifoIntro to the Novel Prof SestoWriting Assignment #1 Madame Bovary and the Religious Significance Madame Bovary, a novel by Flaubert’s was filled with many different consequences to all sorts of actions, unmoral and disgraceful acts; especially for Emma. The majority of Emma's life is filled with sin; she is an adulterous, lying woman who ends up taking her own life. Her life is disgrace as well as a mockery of religion. She starts off as a Christian. From a young age , Emma is in a convent- but that was the beginning.Emma is captured by the fantasies she reads in novels, and she wants that life, no matter what. Emma marries Charles because at the time she thinks he is her way out of small town life and the way to became like a character in one of her novels. Later she is driven by her own selfishness into two separate loves affairs, and when those end badly she turns to her religion, because of the fear of God punishment to those who do not abide by his laws. Monsieu r Bournisien was sought out by Emma, and the priest seemed to laugh off Emma problem and perceived it as â€Å"small† and said other have worse problems.He really didn’t have any heavenly advice for her.. The multiple love affairs are a disgrace according to the catholic faith, and until the affair were over Emma didn’t think of God once. Once she was devastated and hurt she turned to her faith. She called up the priest for communion and described it as a new life, and how she can feel the presence of the holy lord. This vision she dreamt of stayed with her and she recalled it as such a beautiful thing Russell’s writings express that religion is based on fear, and in Emma case this is entirely true.Emma only turned to her faith when all other options were exerted. This novel relates to his experts in more than one way. The writing express that fear is what drives people to religion, but more and more people are making their own choices in lives, based on the person. This writing should have been written to Emma herself, because this is exactly what she does. She doesn’t look to god for answers; she makes her own, which ultimately caused her to have two love affairs, lie and cheat and end up taking her own life.

Marine Biology Essays - Aquatic Ecology, Ocean Pollution

Marine Biology Essays - Aquatic Ecology, Ocean Pollution Marine Biology Aquarium Assignment A major source of coastal pollutants, human sewage fouls bays and beaches with both toxic and nontoxic pollutants. Although billions of dollars have been invested in sewage treatment plants to treat wastewater, new and growing coastal communities have increased the amount of discharge into oceans and estuaries. The United States Office of Technology Assessment has identified thirteen hundred major industries and six hundred municipal wastewater treatment plants that discharge into coastal waters of the United States. Many toxic substances enter the sea through the sewer systems, but others originate as industrial discharges. For many toxic substances, we do not yet know how to determine their extent or fate in the marine environment or to evaluate their effects on marine life. Some of the better-known trace metals and toxic chemicals include mercury, copper, lead, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Chlorinated hydrocarbons, synthetic chlorine-containing compounds, are created for use as pesticides or are by-products of the manufacture of plastics. Oil is a very dangerous thing when it comes to oil spills into the ocean. These catastrophic oil spills engender a concern for the marine environment as no invisible containment can. Spilled oil floats on seawater and provides a constant reminder of its presence until it is washed ashore, sinks, or evaporates. Large volumes of oil suffocate benthic organisms by clogging their gills and filtering structures or fouling their digestive tracts. Marine birds and mammals suffer heavily as their feathers or fur become oil soaked and matter, and they lose insulation and buoyancy. Until recently, marine debris was considered to be of minor importance when compared to other pollutants. Problems caused by marine debris, however may rival or exceed those resulting from some better known pollutants, including oil. By definition, marine debris is any manufactured object discarded in the marine environment. When dumped, it may sink to the sea floor, remain suspended at mid-depths, or float at the surface and eventually be carried ashore by winds and waves. Plastics constitute as great an environmental threat as all the other kinds of debris, combined. Although plastics may break up into smaller pieces, they degrade much more slowly than most other kinds of debris, and most plastics float. Concentrations of plastics tend to be highest in the Northern Hemisphere, where vessel traffic is the heaviest, where most plastics manufacturers and fabricators are located, and where more intensive recreational use is made of beaches and coastal waters. Hopefully, as we approach the twenty-first century, we can learn to leave some old and wasteful habits behind. It will not be easy or simple, but each one of us must develop a sense of stewardship toward the world ocean and its

Probability Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Probability - Term Paper Example Statistics use assumption on population distribution to estimate population values based on sample values (Kemp & Kemp 257-66). Probability distributions functions or simply distribution functions are used (Soong 39-41). The distribution function associates a variable value with a probability (Soong 39). This can take the form Fx(x) =P(Xx) where the lowercase x refers to a specific value of a variable. Probability distribution functions have shapes represented by the mathematical equations. The areas under the curves or distribution functions are associated with probabilities. In business statistics, some of the distribution functions that are often used are the Z-statistics, t-statistics, chi-square distribution, and the F-statistics (Kemp & Kemp 47-297). There is also an option to use what statisticians call as the non-parametric statistics (Kemp & Kemp 298-315). The choice of what distribution functions to use are determined by convention or typical practice and theory. For example, in estimating the population mean, it is assumed that the sample mean converge to the population mean through repetition of sampling procedures or if the population is large. Thus, in estimating the mean, statistics usually makes the assumption based on a normal distribution. Although several distribution functions are used in statistics, in this work we focus our sights on three: the z-statistics, the t-statistics, and the chi-square statistics. Figure 1 captures a standard normal distribution function. The standard normal distribution associates a value of a variable with probability. For example, the probability that the value of the variable is between a very low number and high number can be represented by 100%. In the language of statistics, this take s the form P (-< x < +) = 1 or 100%. In other words, this means that in a

Biopsychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biopsychology - Assignment Example Another reason for sleep is that it serves as physiological maintenence. During sleep, muscles and other damaged cellular components use the time to repair and regenerate. Another important feature of sleep physiology is the notion of an internal clock, or our natural circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are observed in almost all living things. This internal clock serves as regulating when to be active and using energy compared when the organism should be resting to conserve energy. The cycle occurs once per day. In particular, the effect can be seen with the impact of the changing between daylight and nighttime. This can be seen by the effects of sleep and light on the secretion of certain neurochemicals and hormones such as melatonin. Sleep occurs in distinct phases, which is characterized by a change in brain wave activity as well as some physiological changes. There are 2 main phases of sleep: non- rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement. Stage 1 is characterized as the light sleep that is predominated by theta waves that lasts between 5-10 minutes. The second stage lasts around 20 minutes and sleep spindles begin to form, which are rapid bursts in brain activity. The third stage is characterized by delta waves and is in between light and heavy sleep. Stage four is deep sleep, which is again characterized by an increase in delta waves. Stage 5 is the deepest stage of sleep and this is where REM occurs. REM stands for rapid eye movement. The most vivid dreaming occurs during this stage of sleep because it is the deepest stage of sleep. REM usually occurs between 4 and 5 times throughout the entire night. The mind is extremely active during this period with levels of neurological activity being similar to that of being awake. Theories show that REM is important in not only maintaining neurological activity, but also for memory processing. Sleep disorders can be caused by a majority of cases and there are a variety of them. Sleep apnea is a disorder in whic h a person physically stops breathing during sleep. Insomnia is where a person cannot fall asleep easily, therefore feels the effects of sleep deprivation. Too little and too much sleep can result in some diseases and conditions. These can range from diabetes to certain types of cancers. Stress One of the most important topics in health psychology, stress is a multidisciplinary topic that goes into not only the cognitive effects of stress, but also the physiological effects of stress. Principally there are two main chemicals, which are mediated in stress responses. Cortisol and norepinephrine release are triggered when a person is experiencing a stressful situation. These chemicals function as a stimulus, which heightens physiological response to handle the incoming threat or danger. Stress has been linked to a multitude of physiological problems. Prolonged stress can lead to sleep deprivation and insomnia, which leads to a host of its own physiological problems. Increases in blood pressure and pulse can lead to heart disease and cancers. Stress can also affect the endocrine system because too much stress leads to over activity in this system, which can lead to certain types of cancers as well as certain types of diabetes. Increased stress can also lead to compromising the immune system, which can make a person more susceptible to developing infection and illnesses. It has also been shown that stress has a physiological

About Clyfford Still's art work and his museum in Denver Essay

About Clyfford Still's art work and his museum in Denver - Essay Example He is, therefore seen to have created an art work world of his own, due to the fact that most his work remained hidden during and after his death in the year 1980. Clyfford Still’s art work was mainly color field painting. Most of the works that he made accessible are regarded non-figurative, and consequently non-objective. Creation and painting of formations dominated his expertise, the primary concern being to juxtapose numerous colors and surfaces to produce the formations (Demetrion 75). His independence and disregard for criticism and analysis of his work left just a few aspects of comparison between his work and those of his fellow abstract expressionism pioneers. Basically, the arrangements of his paintings were considerably less regular, unlike those of other abstract expressionists. Thick impasto critically defines the use of paints by Clyfford Still in his art work. Layers of colors in his works were done in a way that seemed to reveal colors underneath by other layers on the painting. Subtle varieties and shimmering shades characterized Clyfford Still’s painting surfaces, with natural forms and phenomena being predominant in his work (Demetrion 94). This was unique to him as an artist, because many other painters of his times concentrated on a totally different aspect. Clyfford Still imposed collection and exhibition restrictions on his paintings, making his art work hardly accessible to many people, although his 1957-D No. 1, 1957 painting remains a renowned piece of his art (Demetrion 113). Around 2400 pieces of his art work remained hidden and inaccessible until the Clyfford Still’s museum was opened in Denver. With the museum opening over twenty five years after his death, Clyfford Still’s substantial art output remained unseen for the same period. Denver, Colorado became the choice of Still’s wife as the city that would showcase Clyfford Still’s long hidden art work. The museum

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The events industry - Essay Example Events are similar to theater demonstrates in the way that there is one and only opportunity to make everything right and afterward the experience is over and it wont be reproduced in the same way until kingdom come. These passing yet compelling encounters are what event organizers offer. Arranging an event, for example, a wedding, absolution, memorial service or a corporate Christmas gathering includes a mix of customs and development that need to consummately fit the necessities of the customers. Recognized a standard of inventiveness in light of the fact that what she makes is the appearance of a thought or a dream, the planner is attempting to make excellent and valuable articles, transmitting stylish feelings. There are four noticeable subjects that are offered in the writing with respect to development in innovative commercial ventures: individuals, spots, items and approaches, and we will quickly exhibit the primary discoveries of past exploration throughout this area to pick the classes then as examination zones. The locus of development in inventive commercial enterprises is both near the business sector and circulated inside a system of elements that help the last item or administration. Organizations in innovative businesses have available to them various parkways for permitting customers to partake in the development transform: (an) opening up the organizations limits, (b) opening the item/benefit for co-creation, and (c) arranging character merging around items or administrations (Parmentier and Mangematin, 2012). In addition customers, organizations in innovative businesses additionally work with undertaking built systems implicit light of casual examples of association which have a tendency to rehash themselves in an arrangement of ventures and make semi-perpetual ties (Daskalaki, 2010). These systems of teammates are

Business And Information Technology Strategy Information Technology Essay

Business And Information Technology Strategy Information Technology Essay Business and information technology (IT) strategy has long been recognized as a key issue for managers and has grown in importance as IT has become strategically significant. For any kind of business to be succeeded in the market should follow some strategies. With the growing technological development competition has increase therefore managers or CEO should focus their attention on the information technology. Similarly, Frito Lay business strategy involved information technology. The IT function in every business is about capturing, processing, storing and distributing information or data. Introduction Information Technology (IT) is crucial to any business. IT Strategy focuses on strategic IT issues; on how to make IT work for businesses and improve company performance alongside examining ways of exploiting the full potential of information systems from existing and new IT products. High-performance businesses view IT as a strategic asset-a source of both operational excellence and competitive advantage. Frito Lays business strategy which also used the IT strategy for the improvement of their sales and to make the information available to its customers. Overlapping or Similarities between IT Strategy and Frito Lay business strategy Strategy is a comprehensive plan for accomplishing organizations goals. IT strategy is similar to Frito Lay business strategy business although the focus is specifically on technology. It is important to plan ahead for the development of your IT systems, which will need to be able to grow and adapt to any changes in business. However, business strategies and IT strategies overlap in some cases are as follows: Both strategies focus on management using same strategies. Both strategies act as a tool used for planning the future seems that they are unique. Both of the strategies are similar in a way that they are regulating a product and its structure simultaneously. Both of the strategies have a certain goal to reach its ultimate success in a same manner. Both strategies evaluate their internal and external environment in order to determine a position and market approach meaning that equally they are responsible for gaining success. Both strategies reflecting the relationship between business strategy and IT strategy making the inference that IT strategy is indeed primarily a business tool (Simons Davila, 1998; Kantrow, 1980; Haeckel Nolan, 1993; Amit Shoemaker, 1993). In the management perspective of Frito Lay business strategies it mainly at first focuses on management. Management process deals with the activities using resources and how this strategy can be used for achieving businesss goals. Frito Lay business strategy in which incorporated IT used as a critical contributor to the business, focused on improving business value and performance. Both of the strategies combine to make the business successful. Both of the strategies are designed to establish a business-driven approach to infrastructure toward the management of it business services. Basically IT helps to identify opportunities for reduced costs, reduced risk, improved quality and greater business value. IT Strategy is a highly prestigious like Frito Lay business strategy focusing on both strategic IT business issues and recent developments in information technology. Some Related Elements between IT Strategy and Corporate Strategies at Frito Lay Identifying business elements refers to proclaiming a vision and planning a means of getting there. Though the Frito Lay business related with some elements with the IT especially nature of the organizations leadership, complexity of the organizations environment, size of the organization, expertise of planners (Drew et al., 2006) etc. In Frito Lay business strategies earlier it didnt use the elements. Of the most strategic way how these elements worked as a sound management in every aspects of Frito Lay business should deal with different information technology. With the complexity of the technological change know how IT is now being used widely to take advantage of the competitive market (The daily Star, 2010). The organization environment both of the Frito Lay business and IT sector has faced challenges forward to improving its respective business. Both the size and nature of this two business strategy has greatly impact on the overall value delivery system resulting in the increa se or decrease of sales volume. Frito-Lay used management information system tools include Executive Support System (ESS), Decision Support System (DSS), and Packaging Application Expert (PAX).  ESS helps to locate potential problems in maintaining sales levels and market share those are also elements of IT strategy. Some of the Key Components of Frito Lays Plans There are some of the key components of Frito Lays plans that must be reviewed such as The length of the promotion or Time frame Promotional and distributional activities Cost, sales Decision making process and Operating polices Productivity and working process Management process Organization Structure or infrastructure of the business Corporate initiatives and their contribution Technological development, flexibility and their uses Control processes Selection of the best business tools Competition and Production efficiency Justification of the Key Components of Frito Lays plan Time is important components for the business to succeed in the market. Strategy and Planning services produce a roadmap of clearly defined projects designed to extract more value from existing assets. This roadmap can also be used to support the deployment of critical business-driven projects. If proper information is not readily available to the customers as well as to the manger the firms will suffer a lot. Promotional activities that communicate the merits of the products and persuade the target customers (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008). Distribution of the sales people among different areas help to achieve maximum productivity and effectiveness. Focusing on sales Frito Lays business can assess its position and its strength. A review of the sales, cost and profit projections for a new product may satisfy the Frito Lay businesss objectives. Productivity, management process, decision making process can greatly enhance the business in a wide distribution area. Together with the technological innovation businesses go forward with the competitions market. Business goals could be achieved easily with the understanding of business productivity and improving quality. Business information would be dynamic and integrated that should enable line employees and managers throughout the company to access timely and relevant information to support marketing strategy. Frito Lay business later identified these components and tried to implement that result in profit of their business. Some Strategies There are a variety of perspectives, models and approaches used in strategic planning. The way that a strategic plan is developed depends on various strategies that would be an effective way to communicate plans to executives, senior management, and team members if used at Frito Lay. Division of areas: one strategy that may be an effective way to communicate plans to executives, senior management, and team members if each area is subdivided to different small areas. One manager is assign to evaluate performance to the lower team members who will report to the manager. Organize a management team. Usually the signals that building familiarity among the companys advisors, employees, area managers, executives to make the communication easier. Short mission statement. Once the team has been organized, a brief mission statement which outlines the goals for the communications effort. This statement is critical in building consensus among the team members over the future course of action. Keep communication simple. Keep your internal and external communications simple, direct, and frequent so that everyone is kept informed of your progress. Tell your target publics what you are going to do, do it, and then tell them how youve done it. Forthright disclosure is essential Decentralization: It is actually one end of a continuum anchored. In this type of organization decision making power and authority are delegated as far down the authority. By delegating power and authority systematically from middle and lower level employees a relationship is established accelerating communication throughout a group team. Organization should not only focus their attention on decentralization they also focus their attention on centralization. Centralization: Sometimes the firm should only focus on the management activities among the higher level authorities. Identify actions or redress and communicate progress on a regular basis. Prior to communication on a regular basis. By meeting weekly rather than once a month shortened both thought cycle and action cycle to be more in paces changes in the business. Keep the lines of communication open. Non-management employees or staff may offer valuable insights into alternative courses of action. Encouraging suggestions from the bottom up also helps keep interest and involvement high among audiences that have a stake in the outcome of the crisis, but little into the decision-making process. Keeping the lines of communications open may result in a fresh perspective toward the solution of a problem. Build on a short-term plan with a long-term proactive communications strategy. Nothing builds interest and involvement like awareness and knowledge. The more your target publics know about you, the more likely they are to want to do business with you. Keeping your audiences informed builds interest and involvement. This translates into knowledge and awareness about a company, its products and services, and a businesss growth and development. A well-planned and skillfully implemented strategic communications program can be a powerful tool for turnaround success. Engaging in communications can help minimize disruption to a business and its bottom line and help the turnaround manager guide his clients back to business as usual. Controlling the operating process. Control is one of the main function of the management in h organization. Control helps the firms with a ways to adapt the environmental change, to limit the accumulation of errors, to cope with the environmental complexity and minimize the cost. A properly designed control systems can help anticipate, monitor and respond changing circumstances. Build up Effective team leadership. Develop leadership and management capability at all levels in the organization from the first-line supervisor to members of the executive team. Both with the Executive Team leader and members of the executive team on an individual basis to help them improve their effectiveness within the team. Evaluation of the Strategies After the strategies have been developed then comes the evaluation of the strategies. Evaluation is also very important. Although Flexibility is essential in any situation. Evaluation of the strategies is measured in terms of its feasibility, its satisfactoriness and its consequences. Is your message getting through? Is the media playing your story accurately? Are your target audiences responding appropriately? If your plan isnt working, dont be afraid to change or adjust it. Generally if the strategy meets the target it just kept. Maintaining the ultimate target is essentially preferable but it is more likely that some action will be needed to correct a deviation from the target setting. Finally changing is established if it sets too high or too low beyond the reaching goal. Among the strategies these strategies are evaluated to be the effective way to communicate from top line managers to worker level employees are Effective team leadership Keep the lines of communication open i.e.; integrated infrastructure information structure Short mission statement. Centralization Decentralization Controlling the operating process may be effective Depending on the situation both decentralization and centralization are effective way of communication. An effective way to use information technology opportunities is through a systematic analysis of a companys value chain the series of interdependent activities that bring a product or service to the customer. IT helping to make sure that technology is not just being pursued for the sake of more technology, but that its also moving the company forward. In Frito Lay corporate strategy both departments and work groups are interdependent. They depend each other for information and resources to perform their respective activities. The greater the degree of interdependence between the departments, the more the coordination among themselves (Griffin, 2003). Besides having these things there is some distinct criteria in which information about plan cannot be relayed quickly to the staffs as relayed to the executive staffs. As executives are the most important person in the company and they have to take decision instantly thy receive the information. With the information technology executives now take any market; and know more about what is going on in the snack category there than the regional competitor who only operates in that market.  That is indicating that their information accessibility is not same. The real benefit of information systems is the energy it brings across the entire company. Information system developments allow for the centralizing of data, in turn allowing managers of regional operations access to this vast database on the other case staffs can not.. Further, it provides the software to use these technologies in a way that is effective in a distributed processing marketing environment. Result is different However, management policy now focuses on directed decentralization.   Hundreds of middle managers have freedom and database knowledge to make tactical decisions on local market initiatives.   Framework That use IT Strategy to Support Frito Lays Business Technological changes have accelerated globalization and have intensified competition and the organizations need to be nimble and agile. Business organizations are aware that information strategy is highly crucial to the success of every business. It is difficult to sustain a business in todays very competitive and innovative world minus a framework for information strategy, which is the organizations integrated plan for processing, delivery, and presentation of information.   Hence regardless of the size and nature of businesses, companies invest on IT infrastructure for real-time communication, automation of systems, and other applications. However some organizations fail to optimize the availability and functionality of information technology in managing and delivering information relative to achieving business goals. Business framework for information strategy must always aim to provide consistency, transparency, and quality in business processes that will support success strat egy employed by an organization. With a defined framework and integration of business processes and information strategy helps company sustains competitive advantage. A frame work that will help support IT ultimately Frito Lay business should include Management Information System (MIS) under which improve customer service and communicate with customers and suppliers more effectively cut your costs and streamline business operations increase staff  productivity respond to change more quickly improve the way to manage, share and use knowledge in business and business analysis Now, this frame work will support IT and can be applied to Frito Lay business achieve business objectives. However, it is necessary to continue to develop new information technologies in order to maintain these advantages and develop new ones.   Not only are new ideas on technologies rising, new ideas on how to use these technologies are also apparent. It is important to understand how these changes are likely to impact upon the business and, in turn, how IT will support such changes. This will ensure that any IT investment you make now is capable of supporting your business and its operations in the longer term. Some Recommendations Organizations need to evaluate both their internal and external environment in order to determine a position and market approach. Ideally, an information technology system should be simple for the customer to adopt at the outset, and it will become tightly intertwined with the customers daily routine To accomplish both centralization and decentralization along with introducing new technology Frito-Lay has to change its business culture, organization, and infrastructure etc. Also, firms have to increase advertising and promotional expenditures, through using the information technology. It is now important to focus on attention on management information systems to grow business and to take monopoly in the market. Frito Lay business should continue to develop new information technologies in order to maintain these advantages and develop new ones.   Not only are new ideas on technologies rising, new ideas on how to use these technologies are also apparent. One area in particular where we feel an upgrade may be necessary is with the DEX system. As Frito-Lay used didnt any training programs or corporate modifications to help implement all their new information technology systems.   And also I found a lot of information (data) was created, but not analyzed well.   The organization and process controls were not structured adequately to handle all the new information.   Management processes and employee mind-sets were not altered either.  In this case, recommendation that Frito-Lay develop and implement-training programs, including shared purpose, shared incentive, and top-to-bottom implementation programs. Formulating strategies and plans to address IT should focus on the macro marketing in which Frito Lay business can use more update technology to attract customers. Using information technology for new products and services that help clients respond to rapid changes in the marketplace to gain a competitive advantage through ought the market and can be used as a medium of quick communication. It will help organizations improve the management and delivery of their business while reducing costs. Managers can play a central role in making sure that IT and Business is aligned. It Helps clients unlock the business value of information and use it for competitive advantage to address emerging, industry-specific business opportunities.